![]() On the left is the cylindrical Functional Cargo Block with attached solar panels. However, the company ultimately sold much of their equipment and announced that the remainder was to become an educational exhibit. In the 2010s, Excalibur Almaz planned to use old VA capsules as low-cost cargo return vehicles. The VA spacecraft, on the other hand, was also intended to be launched as "Almaz APOS", mated with an Almaz-OPS space station core as the primary orbital maneuvering system, instead of an FGB. The FGB could also be used alone as an uncrewed cargo module without a VA spacecraft, which enabled the FGB design to be re-purposed as FGB space station modules later on. While the VA carried the reentry hardware, and only minimal life support and maneuvering systems, the FGB would have been used as the primary orbital maneuvering system and cargo storage for the TKS spacecraft. Furthermore, the FGB carried the on-orbit maneuvering engines for the TKS. And the Functional Cargo Block (FGB) which, in order to resupply an Almaz space station, carried docking hardware, tanks, and a large pressurized cargo compartment. ![]() The VA spacecraft (known mistakenly in the West as the Merkur spacecraft), which would have housed the cosmonauts during launch and reentry of a TKS spacecraft, while traveling to and from an Almaz space station.The TKS spacecraft consisted of two spacecraft mated together, both of which could operate independently: The Functional Cargo Block (FGB) of the TKS spacecraft later formed the basis of several space station modules, including the Zarya FGB module on the International Space Station. The spacecraft was designed for both crewed and autonomous uncrewed cargo resupply flights, but was never used operationally in its intended role – only four test missions were flown (including three that docked to Salyut space stations) during the program. The TKS spacecraft ( Russian: Транспортный корабль снабжения, Transportnyi Korabl’ Snabzheniia, Transport Supply Spacecraft, GRAU index 11F72) was a Soviet spacecraft conceived in the late 1960s for resupply flights to the military Almaz space station. A tunnel (stippled) connects the FGB and VA spacecraft The broad black line outlines the vehicle's pressurized compartments. The Soviet Union still achieved many more firsts: the first lunar rover, the first soft landing on Venus, the first soft landing on Mars, the first recovery of samples from the Moon by automatic spacecraft.Soviet spacecraft conceived in the late 1960sĬrewed spacecraft to supply the military Almaz space stationĬutaway of TKS vehicle. Undaunted, the Soviet Union rebuilt its space program around orbiting stations, building the first one, Salyut, and then the first permanent home in space, Mir. The Soviet Union engaged in that race far too late, with divided organization, and made a gallant but doomed challenge to Apollo. In 1964, the Soviet Union decided to contest the decision of the United States to put the first person on the Moon. Except one, the first human landing on the Moon. ![]() The Soviet Union achieved all the great firsts in cosmonautics-the first satellite in orbit, the first animal in orbit, the first laboratory in orbit, the first probe to the Moon, the first probe to photograph its far side, the first soft landing on the moon, the first man in space, the first woman in space, the first spacewalk. At that time, few could have imagined the dramatic events that lay head. ![]() ![]() The rebirth of the Russian space program marks an important event: 50 years since the first Sputnik was launched on 4th October 1957. ![]()
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